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Such Techniques As Underwater: During the summer of 1967 undersea archaeology truly came of age with the discovery of a method for accurate location of wrecks or other remains of ancient culture on the sea bottom. In recent years undersea archaeologists have utilized underwater television, magnetometers, a tow-vane (which looks something like a space capsule), mine detectors, a sonic device, and even a small submarine designed for archaeology. Most of these search techniques functioned quite well, but the visual, or scanning, range under water was limited, and such techniques as underwater techniques proved to be impractical for wide-range searching.
Marine geology was accelerated by anti-submarine techniques developed during World War II, and from the outset the results were exciting. The study of underwater sedimentation, seismology, heat flow and magnetism combined to create a hypothesis that was handsomely verified by the first voyages of the Glomar Challenger, the best equipped oceanographic vessel in the world.
During the past year major civil engineering accomplishments included the completion of the world's first large airport runway extended over water on a pile-supported bridge, the completion of the steelwork for a 100-story building in which new concepts and techniques were utilized, and continuing progress in the construction of the longest underwater tunnel in the world as part of a major urban rapid transit system. |
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