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Stimulated Construction Railways: When it first began operations in!25, its passenger coaches were drawn by horses.pened in 1830, George Stephenson's Liverpool
d Manchester Railway, some 30 miles (about• km) long, was the first main line railway any-lere, and its success stimulated construction railways the construction railways throughout the world. The famous lomotive Rocket was employed on this railway.In the United States the first steam locomotives the Stourbridge Lion. Imported from Engid by the Delaware and Hudson Canal and ilroad Company, it made its first run at mesdale, Pa., on Aug. 8, 1829, but proved to beheavy for the tracks and was retired from
vice.
Transportation.—Railways and Roads — Railway services in Scotland are the responsibility of the Scottish Region of the publicly owned British Railways. Control is coordinated under the managements of three divisions with headquarters at Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Inverness. The railways in Scotland, as in England, operate at a loss, but efforts have been made to rectify this, partly by closing uneconomic branch lines md partly by modernization.
Few other railway systems, with the exception of the comparatively small systems of Holland and Switzerland and, occasionally, the heavily utilized Indian Railways, ever show a profit. The nationalized systems of Britain and France in the 1960's operated at deficits of up to $500 million a year. The average operating ratio of European railways is about 120%—for every dollar taken in, $1.20 is paid out. |
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