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Iodized Surface Halogens: Second, the light sensitivity of the plates was increased >y recoating the iodized surface halogens surface with halogens other than Ddine. The thought had occurred to many and had been ried by many, but it is clear that the first to publish a 'ractical method was John Frederick Goddard, lecturer n optics and natural philosophy at the Adelaide Gallery, ondon:9 after the silvered plate had been fumed with xline, the operation was repeated with bromine, either lone or in combination with chlorine.
One of the most important effects of ocean currents is that they mix ocean water and so affect directly the fertility of the sea. Mixing is especially important when sub-surface water is mixed with surface water. The upwelling [1] of sub-surface water may be caused by strong coastal winds that push the surface water outwards, allowing sub-surface water to rise up. Such upwelling occurs off the coasts of Peru, California and Mauritania. Sub-surface water rich in nutrients (notably phosphorus and silicon) rises to the surface, stimulating the growth of plankton which provides food for great shoals of fish, such as Peruvian anchovies.
The surface of Venus is a different story. Prior notions of very high surface temperatures were verified by the Soviet Venera 4 probe, which ejected an instrument pack that parachuted to the planet's surface in 1967, and by radio wave measurements of Mariner 5. Venera 4 showed a temperature of about 280°C (536°F) near the surface. |
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