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Fine Shape: This new flint glass was heavier and more brilliant than the soda-lime metal, had a light-dispersing quality, and exceptional interior fire which lent itself well to cut decoration. The mixture underwent some improvements, but by the turn of the 18th century it was being produced by nearly 100 English glass furnaces. By then sand had replaced flint, but the name "flint" stuck for all fine shape heavy glass with lead content. Makers of fine shape blown and cut glass used this metal only and produced a long line of fine shape wineglasses made with several types of stems, starting with the baluster shape and going on to hollow, air, twist, cotton thread, and facet cut. These continued until the beginning of the 19th century. At the same time some fine shape commemorative and presentation goblets and wineglasses with bowls beautifully engraved in appropriate designs were also produced.
THIS INFLUENCES design considerably. Few plots are symmetrical, but that really does not matter. An L-shape or a triangle can even offer more design potential than a rectangle. Perhaps the most difficult shape of all is a square, particularly when it is too small to subdivide as in many yards in front. A design for an awkward shape needs to be carefully thought out. A long thin area, for example, can be divided into contrasting sections with barriers across its width, but by leaving a narrow view running through from one end to the other you create an additional sight line. Furthermore, by placing an ornamental feature like a statue or seat at the far end, you gain the full benefit from the site's length while the screens minimize the disadvantages of its shape.
The shape of the geoid is define shaped by its departure from a "reference ellipsoid" which fits most closely to the shape of the earth; in this case, the average level of the land and sea is taken as the norm. Mountains are then higher and sea-floors lower than the surface of this ellipsoid. (An ellipsoid is the regular geometric shape obtained by revolving an ellipse round one of its axes.) |
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