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Drowned Topography: The Scottish islands vary too much to be regarded as a physiographic unit, but they are grouped together here because many of them, particularly the Shetlands, show obvious evidence of a drowned topography. This effect, due to late-and post-Pleistocene rises in sea level, also affected the sea lochs of the mainland. Off northwestern Scotland there are two chains of islands —the Outer Hebrides, from Lewis to Barra, and, somewhat less well defined, the inner Hebrides, including Skye, Rhum, Muck' Eigg, and Mull. In this province the highest mountains are in Mull—Ben More, the tallest, reaching 3,169 feet (955 meters).
In one of the most famous eruptions in I tory, a major engulfment of one of the peal Krakatau (Krakatoa) in the straits between} and Sumatra reduced it to a height below | level and caused a tidal wave 120 feet 1 which drowned more than 36,000 people. 1 followed a terrific explosion on Aug.
A fjord is a U-shaped valley that has been deepened by a glacier and afterwards invaded by the sea. Fjords are common in Scandinavia, Canada, Greenland and Chile.
A ria coast is a system of river valleys that has been drowned when the coast sinks or the sea level rises. An example is the Sydney area, Australia. |
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