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Basket Weave: Plain or taffeta weave. In this weave, the filler thread crosses the top of alternate warp threads. One thread over and one thread under, with both warp and filler of the same weight and size, makes a plain weave. Two or more over and under an equal number of warp threads makes a basket weave. A variation of the taffeta weave is seen in the rep weave, in which either the warp or filler thread is heavier than the other, which produces a corded effect.
Twill weave. In the twill weave, each warp thread runs over two and under one filler thread. The adjoining warp thread skips different fillers to produce a diagonal effect. Many variations of this weave are possible, but in all of them the diagonal or herringbone effect is produced, as in denim and serge.
Satin weave. In this type, the warp threads skip four to seven fillers. The filler threads are often finer than the warp and are practically invisible on the right side of the textile, so that the long floats of the warp produce a smooth, shiny surface. The filler threads dominate the back of the fabric. A variation is seen in sateen, made from mercerized cotton, in which the filler threads dominate the face of the fabric.
The combination of plain, twill, and satin weaves produces most of the familiar textiles, including damasks and brocades. There are also four important weaves of a slightly more complicated nature.
The filtration characteristics of woven fabrics are dependent on the weave, amongst other cloth properties; the dependence is summarised in Table 8.10. Plain weave fabrics tend to be employed where maximum filtration efficiency is required; twill weave fabrics where greater bulk and mechanical durability are a primary concern; and satin weave fabrics (particularly with monofilaments) where good discharge and blinding resistance are the primary requirements.
More permanent installations require their own housings and these types are characterised by the basket strainer. Here, a suitably strengthened wire mesh or perforated plate shaped into a basket is placed inside a sealed housing through which the feed stream flows under pressure. In simplex systems the flow continues until the strainer is clogged with the unwanted solids. At this point the flow is interrupted and the basket is manually changed. |
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