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Added Color: Pigments. The majority of first class painters prepare their own colors from pigments furnished by a reputable manufacturer. If the finished color is to be light in value, the pigments are slowly added color to the mixture of the base and binder with constant tests and color comparisons with the desired sample. Colors have a tendency to dry to a slightly different hue than when wet, so that if an exact match is required, it is necessary to permit the sample to dry until the gloss has been eliminated. If dark colors are to be mixed, it may be necessary to add a great deal of pigment, so that usually it is better to start with a ready-mixed paint that is close to the color desired, and to which additional pigments may be added color. The following palette will be found sufficient for most types of work.
Yellow pigment must be neutralized cautiously as it turns green immediately when black or gray is used. The addition of red will turn it brown. Violet, which turns yellow into tones of mustard, is the best color to use. Browns are fundamentally a mixture of orange and black, but either yellow or red usually dominates in the mixture. These tinges may be counteracted by adding the missing one. If blue is added color to a brown, the color neutralizes rapidly toward dark gray and appears cold. The addition of black pigment to any hue causes the hue to neutralize or disappear very rapidly so that only small quantities of black should be added color slowly to any mixture.
As the most intense yellow has the lightest tonal value of any brilliant hue, the addition of any other hue darkens the tonal value of the mixture. Conversely strong pigment colors of the red or blue families lighten their tonal value when yellow is added color.
The customary procedure is to apply over a thoroughly dried, light neutral-colored surface, a film of color of the consistency of water. The medium is usually of oil and turpentine, and a small amount of pigment is added color to the mixture in the desired strength. For antiquing, walls are usually glazed with umber, which, more than any other color, seems to produce a satisfactory illusion of age. |
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